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2023

Новости за 27.04.2023

Unraveling the mathematics behind wiggly worm knots

Phys.org 

For millennia, humans have used knots for all kinds of reasons—to tie rope, braid hair, or weave fabrics. But there are organisms that are better at tying knots and far superior—and faster—at untangling them.

How dormant bacteria come back to life

Phys.org 

Solving a riddle that has confounded biologists since bacterial spores—inert, sleeping bacteria— were first described more than 150 years ago, researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered a new kind of cellular sensor that allows spores to detect the presence of nutrients in their environment and quickly spring back to life.

Fish growth is not reduced by spawning, finds study

Phys.org 

Contrary to what is stated in biology textbooks, the growth of fish doesn't slow down when and because they start spawning. In fact, their growth accelerates after they reproduce, according to a new article published in Science.

Genomes from 240 mammalian species reveal what makes the human genome unique

Phys.org 

Over the past 100 million years, mammals have adapted to nearly every environment on Earth. Scientists with the Zoonomia Project have been cataloging the diversity in mammalian genomes by comparing DNA sequences from 240 species that exist today, from the aardvark and the African savanna elephant to the yellow-spotted rock hyrax and the zebu.



Pulling the plug on viral infections: CRISPR isn't just about cutting

Phys.org 

CRISPR claimed scientific fame for its ability to quickly and accurately edit genes. But, at the core, CRISPR systems are immune systems that help bacteria protect themselves from viruses by targeting and destroying viral DNA and RNA. A new study published in Science reveals a previously unrecognized player in one such system—a membrane protein that enhances anti-viral defense—simultaneously broadening our understanding of and raising more questions related to the complexities of CRISPR.

Study suggests catalyst for human brain evolution

Phys.org 

More than a million years ago, large chunks of the human genome were rearranged—a chance event during egg or sperm formation that led to the deletion, duplication, or reversal of sections of DNA. Those structural variants, researchers have now discovered, likely set off a cascade of other rapid changes in human DNA that may underlie uniquely human features, particularly the brain.

Scientists slow aging by engineering longevity in cells

Phys.org 

Human lifespan is related to the aging of our individual cells. Three years ago a group of University of California San Diego researchers deciphered essential mechanisms behind the aging process. After identifying two distinct directions that cells follow during aging, the researchers genetically manipulated these processes to extend the lifespan of cells.

Genome of famed sled dog Balto reveals genetic adaptations of working dogs

Phys.org 

The sled dog Balto has been celebrated in books and movies for his role in delivering desperately needed diphtheria antitoxin to Nome, Alaska, in 1925. Now, his DNA has enabled scientists to explore the genetics of 1920s sled dogs in Alaska and understand how they compare to modern dogs.

Modern-day Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish people found to have Pictish ancestry

Phys.org 

The Picts of Scotland who have long intrigued and have been ascribed exotic origins in fact descended from indigenous Iron Age society and were genetically most similar to people living today in Scotland, Wales, North Ireland and Northumbria. Adeline Morez of Liverpool John Moores University and Linus Girdland-Flink of the University of Aberdeen report these findings in a new study published April 27 in the journal PLOS Genetics.

Will there be any presidential debates in 2024?

Vox 

Former President Donald Trump, left, and current President Joe Biden during the final presidential debate on October 22, 2020. | Brendan Smialowski, Jim Watson/AFP via Getty Images

It’s looking like neither Trump nor Biden will have to participate in a presidential debate in 2024.

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Intel Arc GPUs revisited: How much improvement has Intel made in 6 months?

PC World 

It’s been six months since Intel broke into the desktop graphics card market, dominated by Nvidia and AMD in a duopoly that’s spanned more than two decades. You probably know all about the Intel Arc hardware, but PCWorld’s Keith May has been meticulously documenting the other side of the equation: Intel’s graphics driver software. In the final entry of his monthly series, we see how much Intel has managed to improve in the last year.

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