Новости за 23.01.2024

This study assesses data sharing status and lifting of embargoes in randomized clinical trials from top medical journals 3 to 5 years after publication.

In this Medical News article, Arvind Narayanan, PhD, a professor of computer science at Princeton University, discusses the benefits of using artificial intelligence in research and clinical settings while remaining cautious of hype, biases, and data privacy issues.

Experiencing intimate partner violence and childhood sexual abuse are linked with mental and physical health outcomes that are “larger in magnitude and more extensive than previously reported,” a study published in Nature Medicine found.

Increased fetal production of a hormone known as GDF-15 (growth differential factor 15) is linked with nausea and vomiting during pregnancy as well as with hyperemesis gravidarum, the severe version of morning sickness, according to a new study that confirmed previous evidence tying the hormone to these symptoms. Pregnant people who are more sensitive to GDF-15, which can bind to receptors in the brain, also were more likely to become nauseous and vomit.

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for children between the ages of 1 and 17 years, with about 3% of these fatalities due to firearm injuries.

Patients’ scores on a Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) calculator might aid clinicians in advising people with steatotic, or fatty liver, disease who do not stop drinking alcohol, a new report found. The FIB-4 score takes into account age, 2 liver enzyme levels (aspartate and alanine transaminase), and platelet counts to estimate the amount of scarring in the liver.

Adults aged 65 years or older already get high-dose vaccines to protect against influenza. Now, observational data from more than 1.6 million people in the US suggests that a high-dose vaccine may also be more effective than standard-dose vaccines for adults aged 50 to 64 years.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently greenlit 2 cell-based gene treatments for sickle cell anemia, including the first therapy involving the genome editing technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPER-associated protein 9).

Recent results provided “reassuring” early evidence that taking noninsulin antidiabetic medications (ADMs) for type 2 diabetes—including glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists—during early pregnancy is not linked with a greater risk of major birth defects than taking insulin. The researchers followed up the children of more than 50 000 pregnant people in 6 countries for 1 year after they were born, monitoring them for conditions such as cleft palate and congenital hydrocephalus.

A large proportion—about 40%—of people with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed second-line medications after taking metformin to manage their condition stopped the drugs within 1 year, according to a retrospective cohort study that involved more than 82 000 insured participants between 2013 and 2017.

An unprecedented mpox outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2023 included the first documented cases of sexually transmitted mpox clade I—a more transmissible and severe version of the virus than mpox clade II, which was responsible for the global mpox epidemic that began in 2022.

This Viewpoint argues that a hypothesis-centric approach to writing grant applications is problematic and instead suggests that funding applications should be evaluated by their relevance and methodological quality rather than by qualitative assertions before the study is conducted.

This Viewpoint discusses declining vaccination rates in the US, specifically against COVID-19, and the ways in which clinicians and the Food and Drug Administration can counter the current large volume of vaccine misinformation.

In this narrative medicine essay, an oncologist ruminates over a chemotherapy consent form about the goals of therapy for a young adult whose body is filled with an aggressive cancer most commonly seen in children.

This 2023 Recommendation Statement from the US Preventive Services Task Force concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger without signs or symptoms (I statement).

This systematic review to support a 2024 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for speech and language delay and disorders in children 5 years or younger.

Voice in poetry is a complex notion that the poem “Laryngectomy,” composed at the intersection of radical surgery and vivid imagination, helps us understand.

You can do everything you did before except swim. If you swim, water will flood your lungs     through the hole in your neck.

This JAMA Patient Page describes the pros and cons of screening for speech and language problems in children aged 5 years or younger.

This observational study uses registry data to compare rates of adverse functional outcomes between specific treatments for localized prostate cancer (radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or active surveillance for favorable-prognosis disease and radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy for unfavorable-prognosis disease).

This study compares the rates of subsequent cancer diagnoses over 12 months among health professionals in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study with weight loss during the prior 2 years compared with those without recent weight loss.

This retrospective analysis compares symptoms of depression and anxiety before and after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade between residents in states with abortion triggers vs those in states without trigger laws.

In Reply Dr Finucane’s Letter highlights the potential underestimation of adherence bias in our study. We acknowledge that on-treatment analysis is not protected against selection bias. There is a vast literature about the implications of treatment adherence on health outcomes. Our knowledge and understanding of medication adherence cannot be extrapolated to the assessment of device adherence that requires hours of use to be effective.

In Reply Regarding our recent article reporting the 2-year outcomes after MIST in preterm infants, Drs Liu and Shi inquire why the BSID-IV was not used for assessment of neurodevelopmental disability. The explanation is that the BSID-IV was published in 2019, which was 5 years after the follow-up assessments were commenced for our study. We do not agree that the PARCA-R, which was used for 83% of our follow-up assessments, is unreliable; evaluation of its performance suggests the opposite. The subjectivity... Читать дальше...

In Reply We appreciate the Letter by Drs Leavens and Wagener in response to our Viewpoint that raised issues for the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to consider as it strives to regulate e-cigarettes.