Study of massive 2020 digital ad campaign to impact US presidential race shows it had little impact

A team of researchers affiliated with a range of institutions in the U.S. and one in Kenya has conducted an analysis of the impact of a massive digital ad campaign run prior to the U.S. presidential election between Joe Biden and Donald Trump to learn more about how effective it might have been. In their paper published in the journal Nature Human Behavior, the group describes how the campaign was carried out and how they measured its effectiveness.