Depression, anxiety, and stress among university students in Selangor, Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemics and their associated factors

by Shun Sun Wong, Charng Choon Wong, Kwok Wen Ng, Mohammad F. Bostanudin, Suk Fei Tan

Introduction

This study aims to assess the impacts of COVID-19 pandemics among university students in Malaysia, by identifying the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among them and their respective predictors.

Methodology

An online cross-sectional study was conducted via non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, COVID-19 related influences. Mental health status was assessed with depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21).

Results

388 students participated this study (72.4% female; 81.7% Bachelor’s student). The prevalence of moderate to severe depression, anxiety and stress among university students are 53.9%, 66.2% and 44.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the odds of depression were lower among students who exercise at least 3 times per week (OR: 0.380, 95% CI: 0.203–0.711). The odd ratio of student who had no personal history of depression to had depression, anxiety and stress during this pandemic was also lower in comparison (OR: 0.489, 95% CI: 0.249–0.962; OR: 0.482, 95% CI: 0.241–0.963; OR: 0.252, 95% CI: 0.111–0.576). Surprisingly, students whose are currently pursuing Master study was associated with lower stress levels (OR: 0.188, 95% CI: 0.053–0.663). However, student who had poorer satisfaction of current learning experience were more likely to experience stress (OR: 1.644, 95% CI: 1.010–2.675).

Limitations

It is impossible to establish causal relationships between variables on mental health outcomes, and there is a risk of information bias.

Conclusion

The prevalence of mental health issues among university students is high. These findings present essential pieces of predictive information when promoting related awareness among them.