There is a massive infrastructure backlog in historic labour-sending regions, or former homelands, and the share of households with piped water inside the house has declined in the Free State, North West, Mpumalanga and Limpopo since 1994, reflecting waning service delivery in these provinces. Consequently, infrastructure backlogs have resulted in a massive migration to major cities, especially around Gauteng, said policy research institution Trade and Industrial Policies Strategies (TIPS).
