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2023

NASA ‘Should’ve Looked Twice Before Posting These Apollo Moon Mission Images’

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No, we don’t actually believe the Moon landing was a hoax. Thankfully, there is ample evidence that can prove that we’ve been on the moon more than 50 years ago.

NASA’s Moon Landings have given birth to two Massive conspiracy theories that remain present ever since mankind set foot on the Moon’s surface in 1969. Conspiracy theorists are convinced that: 1) We never actually been to the moon and 2) that we did go to the moon, but encountered an alien presence and that many photographs from the journey to the moon show evidence of massive, alien UFOs.

Apollo 11 was the mission that landed the first two people on the Moon’s surface.

Commander Neil Armstrong and lunar module pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC.

Armstrong became the first person to step onto the lunar surface six hours later on July 21 at 02:56:15 UTC; Aldrin joined him 19 minutes later.

The astronauts remained about two and a quarter hours together outside the spacecraft and collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material to bring back to Earth.

Despite this historical achievement, people remain in disbelief that America made it to the moon...

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If you’re swimming in a large volume of water, i’s difficult to judge the properties of distant floating objects with exacting precision, and the same is true for our star system as it swirls around the galaxy.

This is perhaps why scientists have just discovered a new structure encompassing a long curl of gas so gigantic that no one can say whether or not this is a section of a galactic spiral arm we simply hadn’t noticed until now, according to a recent study shared on a preprint server and accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

This could change our understanding of how the Milky Way behaves, pending more research.

A newly discovered colossal filament of gas in the outer regions of our Galaxy

The gas filament in the Milky Way, known as Cattail, may be the largest ever discovered and "appears to be so far the furthest and largest giant filament in the galaxy," according to a team of astronomers from Nanjing University in China in a recent paper. "The question about how such a huge filament is produced at the extreme galactic location remains open," they continued. "Alternatively, Cattail might be part of a new arm … though it is puzzling that the structure does not fully follow the warp of the galactic disk."While the find is surprising, that it wasn’t made until now is more understandable, since reasons abound for why mapping our galaxy in three dimensions is no easy feat.

One reason is the inherent difficulty in calculating the distance between celestial objects. Second, the galaxy is full of material and distracting signals, making it difficult to distinguish between objects that happen to be aligned from our unique perspective and those that are in fact part of a grouping of related objects. In the case of Cattail, an astronomical team led by Chong Li from Nanjing used the massive Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to identify clouds of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI). These clouds are typically found in the spiral arms of galaxies like the Milky Way, and by analyzing the subtle varying patterns of hydrogen light, astronomers can map the number and dispersal of the Milky Way’s arms from our position within one of them.

New ‘galactic filament’ appears larger than Gould’s Belt

Back in August 2019, the astronomers used FAST to search for HI radio emissions, which produced data that described a colossal structure. After calculating its velocity, they discovered that it corresponded to a distance of approximately 71,750 light-years from the galaxy’s center. That’s way out in the outer regions! This is significant not only because it is much further out than any previously identified spiral arm of our galaxy, but also because it would have to be enormous in scope; an arm roughly 3,590 light-years long and 675 light-years wide, according to FAST data. However, this was quickly surpassed: When the researchers combined their findings with additional data from the HI4PI all-sky HI survey, they discovered that this potential spiral arm could be up to 16,300 light-years long!

The Andromeda Galaxy is a giant swirl of around a trillion stars just down the street from the Milky Way. But billions of years from now, it will collide with our home galaxy.

On a clear night away from city lights, you can just make out a long, fuzzy blob known as the Andromeda Galaxy if you look toward the constellation Andromeda.

Although it is 2.5 million light-years away, the Andromeda Galaxy, or M31, is our Milky Way’s nearest large neighbor. That makes it the most distant object regularly visible with the naked eye.

According to some estimates, the Andromeda Galaxy contains one trillion stars. It has a diameter of more than 200,000 light-years. That’s much larger than the Milky Way, which, according to more recent estimates, is 150,000 light-years across (though the exact boundary of where either of these galaxies "end" is a bit nebulous). Astronomers are still struggling to get an accurate count, but our galaxy appears to have a quarter to half the number of stars as Andromeda.Two European Space Agency observatories combined forces to show the Andromeda Galaxy in a new light. Herschel sees rings of star formation in this, the most detailed image of the Andromeda Galaxy ever taken at infrared wavelengths, and XMM-Newton shows dying stars shining X-rays into space. The galaxy’s spiral structure, which is similar to that of the Milky Way, will morph into one large elliptical galaxy once it merges with the Milky Way.

ESA/Herschel/PACS/SPIRE/J. Fritz, U. Gent; X-ray: ESA/XMM Newton/EPIC/W. Pietsch, MPE

For thousands of years, ancient skygazers may just have pondered the nature of this hazy spot. The Andromeda Galaxy, on the other hand, was discovered in 964 A.D. by a Persian astronomer named Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, who wrote a book about "Fixed Stars." In it, he mentioned Andromeda and noted the location of the Large Magellanic Cloud, a much smaller satellite galaxy of our Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy was described as a "small cloud" in the sky.

But it wasn’t until the 1800s that astronomers realized how unique Andromeda was. That’s because, until about a century ago, scientists believed our Milky Way was the center of the universe.

For a long time, observers using telescopes to look for comets had been finding "nebulae" — a term that referred to any fuzzy night-sky object that wasn’t a comet. Spiral nebulae were those with spiral shapes, such as Andromeda. However, in 1864, an English astronomer named Sir William Huggins used a prism to separate and analyze the different colors of light from various nebulae. Huggins noticed that the light spectra of M31 was very different from some of these other nebulae.

The great galaxy debate

Other astronomers began to notice supernovae exploding in Andromeda over the next few decades. One astronomer in particular, Heber Curtis, used the known brightness of these explosions to calculate the distance to Andromeda. He estimated that this "spiral nebulae" was an unprecedented 500,000 light-years away, which would put it well outside the confines of our Milky Way.

Vesto Slipher, an astronomer at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, had turned the 24-inch Clark Telescope on M31 a few years before and measured it moving toward us at an astonishing rate. Meanwhile, Slipher’s measurements of more than a dozen other spiral nebulae revealed that, with the exception of three, they were all moving away from Earth.

In the famous "Great Debate" between Curtis and Harlow Shapley – the latter an ambitious young scientist, these findings were presented as some of the opening salvos. Many scientists agreed with Shapley’s long-held belief that the Milky Way was the entirety of the Universe. However, evidence appeared to suggest that Andromeda, as well as other mysterious spiral nebulae, were in fact "island universes." It would take years to reach a conclusion to the debate.

Milkomeda: the Milky Way and Andromeda collide

We now know the Andromeda Galaxy truly is an island universe distinct from our own. But it won’t always be that way.

As Slipher’s observations first revealed, the Milky Way and Andromeda will become uncomfortably close over the next five billion years or so. The pair will exchange glancing blows, ripping stars from one another and transforming them into long, drawn-out tails.

During these encounters, the Andromeda Galaxy will loom large in our night sky as seen from Earth. However, as the two become completely entangled, they will merge into one massive group of stars. But instead of a spiral galaxy, the final object will be an elliptical. This future galaxy is known as Milkomeda by astronomers, and mergers like this happen all the time.While it may appear that a collision between two galaxies will only lead in destruction, galaxy mergers frequently result in extreme bursts of star formation. This will also be visible from our solar system, though humans are unlikely to survive long enough to see it.

Nonetheless, the aftermath of the Milkomeda collision will leave our night sky awash with bright, new stars. So, instead of this galactic clash killing either of the galaxies, the mergers might even usher in new life.

NASA has released an image taken by the Hubble telescope of a giant monstrous space ‘Pac-Man’ munching its way across the Cosmos.

That isn’t a happy Pac-Man munching its way across the Universe. Even so, this stellar explosion remnant resembles the iconic video game gobbler in a newly released NASA image captured by the Hubble Space Telescope.

The object, known as N 63A, is the remnants of a supernova — a violent explosion caused by a star imploding under its own weight at the end of its life — in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMG), a nearby galaxy 163,000 light-years from the Milky Way and one of the few galaxies visible with the naked eye from Earth.

The LMG is home to several star-forming regions, or nebulae, where large clouds of gas condense and collapse to form new stars. The supernova remnant is located in one of these stellar nurseries, surrounded by numerous stars,

By ejecting gas and heavy elements, supernovas are known to trigger the formation of stars and planets in their surroundings. According to NASA, the powerful shock waves in this case appear to have stalled star formation in the region by dispersing the surrounding gas, which was already in the process of forming new stars.

However, N 63A is still young, and as it settles into its final configuration, NASA predicts that it will likely kick-start its own star-forming region in the future.

The Hubble Space Telescope was out of action for nearly a month between June and July due to a hardware malfunction that forced NASA to put it in "safe mode," as previously reported by "I Love The Universe". However, technicians were able to restart the satellite, which was launched in 1990, and it is now taking out-of-this-world photographs of the surrounding Universe.

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