Young South Koreans Drive Shift in Attitudes to Japan as Ties Thaw
The 24-year-old office worker is one of a growing number of young South Koreans drawn to the products and culture of Japan, coming to see it as more of a friend than a foe that colonized the country 70 years ago, unlike previous generations.
Dressed in a Japan-inspired retro costume and manga accessories among a crowd waiting for Tanaka to begin a concert near Seoul, the capital, Jeong sang a ditty by a Japanese rock group the entertainer idolizes, X Japan.
"I like Tanaka more than his real self," Jeong said. "There is something really charming and touching about him, and I've never seen an artist who tries so hard to make eye contact and communicate with every single fan."
The character's easy talk about Japan and its culture built on that allure, she added. "There was a social environment that sort of encourages boycotting Japanese culture, but people seem to be accepting it naturally," Jeong said.
For his part, Kim Kyung-wook, a once forgotten comedian who has transformed the character into one of South Korea's hottest YouTube stars and entertainers, said his appeal to the young mattered more than the reason for it.
"I think, for young people, it's not about why, but just the fact they like something," said Kim, who became fascinated by Japanese culture as a teenager, leading him to give the character a style and background missing from the Korean scene.
And his persona's catchy manner of speaking, wolf-cut hairstyle, retro outfits and mastery of old Japanese and K-pop songs have contributed to that success.
Now Kim exemplifies the changing attitudes of young Koreans as ties with Japan thaw. Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, whose May visit to Seoul was the first by a Japanese leader in 12 years, offered unprecedented personal condolences to wartime victims.
Today's fervor for Tanaka — with nearly 800,000 YouTube followers, after gigs with famed K-pop stars such as Taeyang of Bigbang, and a national tour that saw concerts sell out in minutes — is very different from the response to his 2018 debut.
Then, with spats over their shared wartime history flaring between Seoul and Tokyo, Tanaka was hardly popular.
Relations had plunged to their lowest in decades after rows over the neighbors' history spilled over into trade disputes in 2019, casting a cloud over U.S.-led efforts to counter North Korea's growing military threat.
Demand rebound
The quarrels are being left behind as the enthusiasm of young Koreans fuels a sharp rebound in demand for Japanese consumer products.
Last month's launch of a canned beer by beverage giant Asahi had many enthusiasts camping outside Costco stores in Seoul, ready to sprint to the doors when they opened.
"I'm not a huge fan of Japanese beer, but I saw it on social media, and it's true that people's perceptions of Japan have improved a lot," said Son In-seok, 39, who waited for days to get his hands on the new beer in a convenience store.
South Korean imports of Japanese beer and whisky surged nearly 250% and 300% respectively in the first quarter from the figures of 2020, while inbound garment shipments jumped almost 47%.
That compared with a 90% drop in imports of Japanese beer in 2019, when the intensifying feuds made it an early target of a sweeping boycott.
Some Korean victims of Japanese military brothels and forced labor during its colonial rule from 1910 to 1945 demand an apology and compensation from Tokyo.
But officials say changing attitudes emboldened President Yoon Suk Yeol to risk political backlash with a March offer of compensation for such victims with funds from Korean corporations, rather than Japanese firms, as Seoul's courts had ordered.
A January poll by Hankook Research showed Japan's likeability score among Koreans was the highest since 2018, with those aged 29 or younger the most favorable.
China, which had scored nearly twice the levels of Japan in 2019, rated among the lowest, alongside Russia and North Korea.
A March survey by the same pollster showed 40% of Koreans backed Yoon's compensation plan, with 53% opposed. But more than 51% of respondents aged 29 or less backed it, while 36% viewed it negatively.
Political dynamics are spurring the young to take a less antagonistic view of Japan, said James Kim, a regional specialist at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies.
"China is clearly less preferred than countries like the United States and Japan," he said, citing Beijing's curbs on freedom in Hong Kong and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Even if younger people are not completely satisfied by South Korea's efforts to resolve thorny historical issues, Kim added, "they see a more immediate threat and recognize the benefit of aligning with other like-minded democracies in the region."