A millennial whose TikTok business generated $100,000 in sales said a ban on the app could doom his business. But he's developing a backup plan.

• A millennial credited TikTok for bringing in $100,000 in sales for his business in 2022.
• He said a US ban of TikTok could crush his business, but he doesn't want to pivot to Instagram.
• The House of Representatives passed a bill that could ban TikTok if it's not divested or sold to a US firm.

Last year, Chad Spangler began worrying about the future of his business. 

The St. Louis-based millennial told Business Insider he worked full-time as an independent artist and content creator about his polyamorous lifestyle, which is when more than two partners engage in a consensual romantic relationship. He uses his platform to educate people about polyamory and discuss the struggles of transitioning from monogamy. 

Spangler said the vast majority of his income comes from selling digital art designs — primarily as apparel, stickers, and enamel pins — through his website and Etsy. In 2022, his solo business generated over $103,000 in online sales, according to a document viewed by Business Insider. His take-home earnings were $36,000 after accounting for inventory-related costs, platform subscriptions, and other expenses.

The majority of his customers find him through TikTok, Spangler said, where he has over 300,000 followers across two accounts. In 2022, over 75,000 visits to his website came from a link in his more popular TikTok profile, according to a document viewed by BI. Instagram was responsible for roughly 44,000 visits, followed by Facebook, Twitter, and Google at 2,000, 429, and 161 visits, respectively.  

Spangler started selling his designs full-time in 2021 after quitting his corporate job and said his wife was earning the majority of their household's income while the business grew. He said his goal was to get back to the annual income level he had at his old job — roughly $57,000 — but that he was worried about one thing getting in the way: a TikTok ban.

"It's not an exaggeration to say that TikTok is my livelihood," he told BI last year. "The immediate impact of a TikTok ban would be a loss of my primary income source."

Initially, Spangler said he wasn't too concerned about the app being banned. But after TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew's appearance before Congress in March 2023, "the feeling that the ban could actually happen sunk in." 

On March 13, the House of Representatives passed a bill that could effectively ban TikTok if it gets through the Senate and is signed by President Joe Biden. The legislation wouldn't entirely ban the app in the US. Instead, it would give any company owned by a "foreign adversary" 180 days to divest or sell to a US-based company in order to continue operating, BI's Madison Hall reported.  

Lawmakers have raised concerns that TikTok's Chinese parent, ByteDance, could give the Chinese government access to US user data and pressure TikTok to show or restrict certain content to American users for its own interests. A forced sale or spinoff — which would serve to isolate the company from Chinese government interests and alleviate some national security concerns — could allow the app and its users to continue business as usual. An outright ban would be bad news for the over 100 million US TikTok users, including the millions of businesses, many of them small shops, the company says use the platform to reach customers. 

Some narrower restrictions have already been implemented across the country. More than half of all US states banned TikTok on government devices, which led many public colleges to block TikTok from campus WiFi networks and university-owned devices. 

Why Instagram isn't the backup plan

While Spangler said he'd been on Instagram a year longer than TikTok, he has 123,000 Instagram followers — less than half the number of his combined TikTok followers — and he said it's the second-biggest driver of sales for his business.  

He said he was trying to move away from Instagram and Facebook — and that he was giving his followers the heads-up. The reason: He was no longer comfortable using Meta-owned platforms "because of their involvement with the spread of disinformation about TikTok."

In March 2022, The Washington Post reported that Meta was paying one of the largest Republican consulting firms, Targeted Victory, to run a campaign intended to turn the US public against TikTok. Using a variety of measures — such as opinion pieces, letters to the editors, and stories about viral trends that supposedly started on the platform — the firm reportedly planted anti-TikTok content in small and large media outlets. Spangler said he believes these activities unfairly characterized TikTok and helped fuel the scrutiny that has led lawmakers to consider banning the app. 

"From my view, at best this is a shady business practice, and at worse an intentional effort to influence lawmakers," Spangler said. 

A TikTok spokesperson told the Post that the company was "deeply concerned" about "the stoking of local media reports on alleged trends that have not been found on the platform." When asked about the report in 2022, a Facebook spokesperson told Business Insider that all platforms should face "a level of scrutiny consistent with their growing success." 

Spangler acknowledged that ditching Instagram would be a significant risk, however, and said that losing both TikTok and Instagram would "decimate" his income. That's why he's taken every step he can to ensure his business would survive without these platforms.  

"I'm preparing for this as best I can by working on my YouTube channel and letting my current followers know that's where I plan to be," he said. "I'm also establishing a direct email list to best reach those who want to continue seeing my content."

YouTube is a 'more stable, long-term place for content to be seen'

Ever before the Post story came out in 2022, Spangler said he'd been working on building up his YouTube channel for two reasons: the longevity of content and the better pay rate compared to other platforms. 

He said that the content he posts on YouTube shorts — the short-form section of the platform — had "behaved mostly the same as TikTok or Instagram reels," initially getting a burst of views before leveling off fairly quickly. But contrary to TikTok and Instagram, he said, YouTube is also well suited for his long-form videos. 

"YouTube is a great fit for me because any content I post can be served to people for years to come, giving my videos a much longer life span than other platforms," he said. Spangler said a video he posted about a year ago about jealousy in polyamorous relationships continued to be his top-performing video. 

When it comes to pay, Spangler said YouTube compensated him for his views at a rate much higher than TikTok or Instagram. 

"YouTube's longevity of content and the much better pay rate make for a much more consistent source of views and income," he said. 

Establishing his YouTube presence is still a work in progress, however. Spangler has roughly 15,000 subscribers on his most popular channel and said he was working on a system that would enable him to post content more regularly. 

But ideally, Spangler said, TikTok will avoid a ban and he won't have to rely too much on a pivot to YouTube. 

Spangler said he doesn't think lawmakers realize how important the app is for many Americans.  

"It feels like our government believes this app doesn't matter and is simply for funny dances and memes," he said. "The reality is it is an effective way for millions of Americans to reach each other, and in my case, a critical part of my small business."

Editor's note: This story was originally published in May 2023.

Do you make money through TikTok and are worried about a potential ban? Are you willing to share your story? If so, reach out to this reporter at jzinkula@insider.com.