Controversy over Lebanese nun's prayer for Hezbollah highlights Lebanon's internal debate over group

The nun stood in front of a group of young students at a Lebanese Christian school and asked them to pray for the "men of the resistance" in southern Lebanon who she said were defending the country.

The men to whom nun Maya Ziadeh was referring are members of the Lebanese Shiite militant group Hezbollah, which has been clashing with Israel across a volatile border for nearly six months, becoming a critical regional player as the Israel-Hamas war persists in Gaza.

A video capturing Ziadeh’s comments was widely circulated online earlier this month, outraging some who accused her of brainwashing the children and imposing her political views. Others rallied to her support, commending her stance as courageous and honorable.

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The war of words that unfolded highlighted larger, longstanding schisms in Lebanon over Hezbollah, now amplified by the Lebanon-Israel border clashes and by fears that an already crisis-hit Lebanon could be dragged into an all-out war.

"There are sharp (political) divisions over Hezbollah’s weapons," said Sami Nader, director of the Institute of Political Science at Saint Joseph University of Beirut. And while there’s wide support for the Palestinian cause, he said, there are "differences over the degree of such support and how to provide it."

Lebanon is home to multiple religious groups. Politically, the presidency is given to a Maronite Christian, the parliament speaker post to a Shiite Muslim and the prime minister's post to a Sunni Muslim.

Although Hezbollah has alliances with figures from other religious groups, the base of its support lies in the Shiite community, while many Christians and Sunnis accuse the group of hijacking the country. The nun's speech generated added attention — and for some, furor — in particular because it came from a Christian religious figure.

In the recent video, Ziadeh called for praying for the "children, people and mothers of the south and … for the men of the resistance," describing those who fail to do so as "traitors," a characterization that many found troubling, especially given the young age of her audience. Others saw a message of love in her call to pray for the people of southern Lebanon.

"In the south, there are students your age who say that ‘our only dreams are to protect our land,’" the nun told the children.

Lebanese Christian anti-Hezbollah activist Antonios Tawk criticized Ziadeh on X, formerly known as Twitter. He called on the Maronite Catholic church to act "because our children are being brainwashed."

Meanwhile, Gebran Bassil, head of the Free Patriotic Movement party, Hezbollah's main Christian ally, argued online that when Ziadeh called for prayers, "she was implementing the teachings of Jesus."

Ziadeh couldn’t be reached for comment.

Officials with Hezbollah, a Shiite military and political powerhouse in Lebanon, say the group’s cross-border strikes are in support of Gaza and argue they divert some Israeli forces that would otherwise be focused on Hamas in Gaza, where the territory's health officials say the Israel-Hamas war has killed more than 32,000 Palestinians.

The Iran-backed Hezbollah began attacks on Oct. 8, a day after Hamas launched its attack on southern Israel, killing some 1,200 people and taking hostages, triggering the latest war in Gaza.

To Hezbollah’s critics in Lebanon, the fighting is a reminder that the group’s weapons constitute "a threat …, not only to internal peace, but because they give Hezbollah a monopoly over war and peace decisions outside state structures," said Randa Slim, senior fellow at the Washington, D.C.-based Middle East Institute. "These are existential decisions for the Lebanese population and their representatives are not involved in this decision-making process."

What Hezbollah is doing is "destroying Lebanon," Charles Jabbour, a senior member of the Christian Lebanese Forces party, said during a heated debate on a local TV talk show. "I'm sure that large parts of (Lebanon’s) Shiites, don’t want their homes destroyed or have their children, women and men killed."

Lina Khatib, an associate fellow at the London-based think tank Chatham House, said even Hezbollah’s allies among the Christians are uncomfortable with its "unilateral decision to spark a fight with Israel," but that this hasn’t translated into a split between Hezbollah and its main Christian political ally.

The Free Patriotic Movement's Bassil has argued that Hezbollah’s deterrence prevented Israel from launching an all-out war on Lebanon. But Bassil, who is sanctioned by the United States, also said he opposed Hezbollah’s stance that it would only stop attacking Israeli positions when a cease-fire is reached in Gaza.

Among Lebanese Shiites, who were the group most affected by Israel's 18-year occupation of south Lebanon ending in 2000, many see Hezbollah's actions through a different lens.

Houssein Khalil, the Shiite owner of a tourism business, said he believes Hezbollah’s cross-border strikes were necessary, not only to support the Palestinians, but because "when Israel gets done with Gaza … it would have turned to Lebanon," if Hezbollah hadn’t intervened.

Khalil said that while his business has suffered, he views such losses as short-term pain.

"I support not just Hezbollah, but whoever defends me, my dignity and my rights as long as they’re able to defeat the Israeli enemy and to protect me," he said. "The (Lebanese) state’s capabilities are limited."

When Lebanon’s 1975-90 civil war ended, Hezbollah was the only militia allowed to keep its weapons as it was leading the fight against Israeli forces that were occupying parts of southern Lebanon at the time.

The group later fought a monthlong war with Israel in 2006, the toll of which is fresh in the mind of the Lebanese.

Today, Lebanon is in the grips of a crippling economic crisis. Some fear that, even if the current fighting doesn't turn into a full-blown war, a state of low-level conflict could become the new normal, further straining the economy and society.

Many Sunni Muslims have criticized Hezbollah over the years for having weapons, especially after the group used them in internal fighting in Beirut in 2008. However, for some, anger over the Israeli offensive in Gaza and the plight of Palestinians—who are mostly Sunni— appear to have overshadowed concerns over Hezbollah’s weapons for now, providing common ground.

"The massacres committed by the Israeli enemy and the destruction makes it compulsory to stand up," said Abed Nakhle, from a predominantly Sunni Beirut neighborhood. "I might have an opinion, but we’re with them (Hezbollah) in this cause."

Some Sunni fighters have joined Hezbollah's militants at the border.

Still, some from Hezbollah’s strongholds in the south say they’re feeling the pain.

The fighting along the border has displaced many in both countries, caused casualties and wide damage in towns and villages.

Khatib said a large majority of Lebanese "do not want to see all-out war between Hezbollah and Israel." This sentiment, she added, cuts across sectarian lines.

In the mountain village of Ghbaleh, some of the children’s parents complained about Ziadeh’s speech, said Youssef Nasr, secretary-general of the Catholic Schools in Lebanon. He denied reports that Ziadeh had been fired from the school and told The Associated Press that the nun was spending some time in a monastery for isolation and reflection.

Nasr said the case of Ziadeh was overplayed by the media, adding that despite the school’s respect for freedom of opinion, "we prefer that during class hours no disputable matters be discussed that might be approved by some parents and rejected by others."