Africa needs its own medical research for its health issues, experts say
An organization hopes to change that by enabling researchers and policymakers in three large African countries to develop more extensive and relevant research.
According to a 2017 report by the World Economic Forum, Africa is home to 15% of the world’s population and 25% of the world’s disease burden — but produces just 2% of the world’s medical research.
The report said of the medical research that does occur, much of it fails to prioritize diseases or health problems most pressing for Africans.
A group of African health researchers and institutions are now pushing for the continent’s medical research to be more focused on the continent’s own medical problems.
The African Population and Health Research Center is bringing together scientists, academics, policymakers and government officials from Ethiopia, Kenya and Nigeria.
Their goal is to strengthen African leadership in research and development, ensuring that the findings from these researchers are relevant and accessible to decision-makers, leading to better health care systems across the continent.
Catherine Kyobutungi, head of the organization, said African-led research can help solve health problems on the continent much more easily and quickly.
"If we want the research to be done by Africans in Africa on African issues, that is [how] the priorities for what research should be done are defined, not just by academics, but by the people who are going to use that research for decision-making,” she said.
"What we are trying to achieve is to shift what research is and what it is for and to create an army of African scientists that do research to solve African problems in real time, not after 50 years," Kyobutungi said.
Dr. Hadiza Galadanci, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Bayero University in Nigeria, said her country accounts for about 28% of maternal deaths worldwide each year.
She and researchers from four African countries, Birmingham University in the United Kingdom and the World Health Organization published research on the best way to save women who were dying from postpartum hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding after childbirth. Their innovation — a calibrated obstetric drape, which is placed beneath a birthing mother — allows physicians to collect and precisely measure blood and fluid loss.
"The drape is just put under ... the woman when she's going to deliver. And then, as soon as she delivers, any blood that comes out goes to the drape. So, we have an objective assessment,” Galadanci explained, saying that the process allows for more specific treatment.
“When we did this, we found out that we could reduce the rate of severe [postpartum hemorrhage] leading to maternal death by 60%."
African researchers face challenges ranging from a lack of reliable data and funding to poor infrastructure to cultural and religious issues.
With the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Africa Research Connect was developed to connect and enhance the visibility of scientists, institutions, policymakers and donors.
Jude Igumbor, an associate professor at Wits School of Public Health in South Africa, wants to improve the visibility of African scientists and their work.
"What we give African scientists is they are able to find each other for collaboration,” he said.
The African Population and Health Research Center is calling on donors to fund African institutions and researchers directly instead of going through other organizations, saying that doing so helps the money create opportunities and hone the skills of researchers on the continent.