China has expanded its export rules on rare earths, requiring foreign firms to get approval for exporting products containing even small amounts of China-originated materials. This move mirrors the U.S.'s foreign direct product rule, which restricts China's access to certain U.S. technologies. Experts say China is adopting U.S. strategies in trade disputes. Since 2018, China has developed laws and policies to retaliate in trade conflicts, similar to U.S. practices. These include the Unreliable Entity List and the Anti-Foreign Sanction Law. While these tools help China counter U.S. actions, they also risk escalating tensions.
